1. ELECTRIC CHARGE AND FIELD

Electric Charge

The property of material by which at exerts or experience electric and magnetic effects is called the electric charge.

Examples

(i) Experience of seeing a spark or hearing a crackle, when we take of ade synthetic cloths. (ii) Lightning in the sky during thunderstorms due to electric discharge.

Electrostatics -

The branch of Physics which deals with the study of charges at rest (static charges), the forces, fields and potential due to these changes. is called Electrostatics or static Electricity. Important Facts about charge

(1.) There are only two types of electric charge.

(2) Like charges repel and unlike charges attracts each other.

(3) The unlike charges nullify (cancel) each other's effect when they come in contact. Therefore the charges are named as positive and negative by the American scientist 'Benjamin Frenklin!

(4.) Normally the materials are electrically neutral, they do not contain charge because their charges (Protons. and electrons) are exactly balanced.

(5) The electron of the outermost orbit of an atom. are far from the nucleus so these electrons are Loosely bounded with the nucleus and can be separated easily from the orbit by giving some energy. These electron are then called free electrons.

(6.) The body or atom can be charged positively by Losing some of its electrons and can be charged. negatively by gaining electrons.

(7.) The apparatus used to detect charge on a body. M Gold Leaf Electroscope".

· (8) An electric change can creates electric field (E),