Steps involved in Recombinant DNA Technology 

• Insolation of DNA from organism by using enzymes like lysozymes (bacterial cells), Chitinase (fungal cell wall), protease (Proteins), RNA s (RNA) and precipitating in chilled ethanol. 
• Cutting of DNA at recognition sites by Restriction enzymes. The same enzyme cuts the cloning vector a similar. recognition site providing sticky ends. 
• The cut fragments are separated using gel-electropheresis and amplified using PCR. 
• The genes (DNA-fragments) are joined with the cloning vector DNA using ligase. 
• The re-combinant DNA so formed is transferred into host cell using methods like biolistics, Electroparation, Micro injection or pathogens like bacteria and retroviruses whose pathogenic properties have been removed. 
• The host cell containing the r-DNA is cultured in Bioreactors to provide the product at large scale. 
• The product is separated, purified, (downstream processing) formulated with preservation followed by quality control testing and marketing.